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nhiều loại ớt, cà chua phơi khô thật đặc biệt.
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Amalfi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Amalfi (disambiguation).
| Amalfi | ||
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| — Comune — | ||
| Comune di Amalfi | ||
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Amalfi
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| Coordinates: 40°38′N 14°36′ECoordinates: 40°38′N 14°36′E | ||
| Country | Italy | |
| Region | Campania | |
| Province | Salerno | |
| Frazioni | Lone, Pastena, Pogerola, Tovere, Vettica | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Alfonso Del Pizzo (Lista Civica Amalfi da Vivere) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 6.11 km2 (2.36 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 6 m (20 ft) | |
| Population (1 May 2009) | ||
| • Total | 5,353 | |
| • Density | 880/km2 (2,300/sq mi) | |
| Demonym | Amalfitani | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 84011 | |
| Dialing code | 089 | |
| Patron saint | Saint Andrew | |
| Saint day | 30 November | |
| Website | Official website | |
In the 1920s and 1930s, Amalfi was a popular holiday destination for the British upper class and aristocracy.
Amalfi is the main town of the coast on which it is located, named Costiera Amalfitana, and is today an important tourist destination together with other towns on the same coast, such as Positano, Ravello and others. Amalfi is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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History
- See also Duchy of Amalfi
In 1073 the republic fell to the Norman countship of Apulia, but was granted many rights. A prey to the Normans who encamped in the south of Italy, it became one of their principal posts. However, in 1131, it was reduced by King Roger II of Sicily, who had been refused the keys to its citadel. The Holy Roman Emperor Lothair, fighting in favour of Pope Innocent II against Roger, who sided with the Antipope Anacletus, took him prisoner in 1133, assisted by forty-six Pisan ships. The Pisans, commercial rivals of the Amalfitani, sacked the city; Lothair claimed as part of the booty a copy of the Pandects of Justinian which was found there.
In 1135 and 1137, it was taken by the Pisans and rapidly declined in importance, though its maritime code, known as the Tavole amalfitane (it), was recognized in the Mediterranean until 1570. A tsunami in 1343 destroyed the port and lower town,[4] and Amalfi never recovered more than local importance.
In medieval culture Amalfi was famous for its flourishing schools of law and mathematics. Flavio Gioia, traditionally considered the first to introduce the mariner's compass to Europe, is said to have been a native of Amalfi.
Amalfi has a long history of catering for visitors, with two former monasteries being converted to hotels at a relatively early date, the Luna Convento in the second decade of the 19th century and the Cappuccini Convento in the 1880s. Celebrated visitors to Amalfi included the composer Richard Wagner and the playwright Henrik Ibsen, both of whom completed works whilst staying in Amalfi.
Main sights
Amalfi occupied a high position in medieval architecture; its cathedral of Sant'Andrea (Saint Andrew, 11th century), the campanile, the convent of the Cappuccini, founded by the Amalfitan Cardinal Pietro Capuano, richly represent the artistic movement prevailing in Southern Italy at the time of the Normans, with its tendency to blend the Byzantine style with the forms and sharp lines of the northern architecture.Cathedral
Main article: Amalfi Cathedral
The gold caisson ceiling has four large paintings by Andrea dell'Asta. They depict the flagellation of Saint Andrew, the miracle of Manna, the crucifixion of Saint Andrew and the Saint on the cross. From the left hand nave there is a flight of stairs which leads to the crypt. These stairs were built in 1203 for Cardinal Pietro Capuano, who, on 18 May 1208, brought Saint Andrew's remains to the cathedral from Constantinople.
The bronze statue of Saint Andrew in the cathedral was sculpted by Michelangelo Naccherino, a pupil of Michelangelo; also present are Pietro Bernini marble sculptures of St. Stephen and St. Lawrence.
In 1206, Saint Andrew's relics were brought to Amalfi from Constantinople by the Pietro Capuano following the Sack of Constantinople (an event of the 4th Crusade) after the completion of the town's cathedral.[5] The cathedral contains a tomb in its crypt that it maintains still holds a portion of the relics of the apostle. A golden reliquary which originally housed his skull and another one used for processions through Amalfi on holy days can also be seen.
Chiostro del Paradiso
The Chiostro del Paradiso ("Cloister of Paradise") was built by Filippo Augustariccio between 1266 and 1268 and was used as a burial ground for noble families of Amalfi. The white columns and pointed arches reflect the clear influence that the Arab world had on Amalfi, similar to those found in the courts of the palaces of the Middle East.[6] It is a true open-air museum, with Roman and medieval pillars, sarcophagi depicting the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, the other the rape of Proserpina, a fourteenth-century sarcophagus and fragments of the façade of the Duomo.The Arsenal of the Maritime Republic (Gli Arsenali della Repubblica)
The structure of the arsenal consists of two large stone-built halls with vaulting supported by repeated pointed arches. The vaulting rests on ten piers, originally there were twenty two, the missing twelve and the structure they supported having been lost to centuries of coastal erosion. The main function of the arsenal was the building, repair and storage of warships. Amalfitan war-galleys were among the largest to be found in the Mediterranean during the Early Middle Ages. The building now contains architectural and sculptural remains, a row-barge used in the Historical Regatta, a number of models of ships and it also acts as a venue for visual art exhibitions. Starting from December 2010, the Ancient Arsenals of Amalfi host the Compass Museum on the premises of the two aisles of the building, which were spared by the Amalfi seaquake of 1343. "The Ancient Arsenals of Amalfi". Retrieved 25 January 2012.Museum of Handmade Paper (Museo della Carta)
Culture
The Amalfi coast is famed for its production of Limoncello liqueur and the area is a known cultivator of lemons. The correct name is "sfusato amalfitano", and they are typically long and at least double the size of other lemons, with a thick and wrinkled skin and a sweet and juicy flesh without many pips. It is common to see lemons growing in the terraced gardens along the entire Amalfi coast between February and October. Amalfi is also a known maker of a hand-made thick paper which is called "bambagina (it)". It is exported to many European countries and to America and has been used throughout Italy for wedding invitations, visiting cards and elegant writing paper. The paper has a high quality and has been used by artists such as Giuseppe Leone, who described it: "There is a whole world that the Amalfi paper evokes and an artist who is sensitive to the suggestion of these places is aware that it is unique and exciting".Three traditional events draw numerous visitors to Amalfi. First are the feast days of Saint Andrew (25–27 June, and 30 November), celebrating the city's patron saint. Then there is "Byzantine New Year's Eve" (31 August) celebrating the beginning of the New Year according to the old civil calendar of the Byzantine Empire.[7] The third event is the Historical Regata (first Sunday in June), a traditional rowing competition among the four main Italian historical maritime republics: Amalfi, Genoa, Pisa and Venice. This event is hosted at every year by a different city, so it comes to Amalfi once every four years.
Airports
The nearest airports are:
- Salerno-Pontecagnano Airport (QSR) 45 km
- Napoli-Capodichino (NAP) 74 km
See also
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References
- ^ Historians' usual association of Amalfi's early maritime trade arising from its position, pressed between the harbour and an infertile and mountainous circumscribed hinterland, forcing it into trading on the sea, is downplayed by M. del Treppo and A. Leone, Amalfi medioevale, 1977.
- ^ Robert-Henri Bautier, "La marine d'Amalfi dans le traffic du méditerranéen du XIV siècle, à props du transport du sel de Sardaigne", Bulletin philologique et historique du Comité des Travaux historiques et scientifiques, noted in Fernand Braudel, The Perspective of the World, vol. III of Civilization and Capitalism (1984), sketching the economic history of Amalfi, pp 106-08.
- ^ Barbara M. Kreutz, Before the Normans - Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, p.81
- ^ Braudel p. 107
- ^ Buonaiuti, Ernesto (1907). "Amalfi". The Catholic Encyclopedia I. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from the original on 28 April 2008. Retrieved 14 March 2008
- ^ "Il Chiostro del Paradiso". ITC. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
- ^ The Eastern Orthodox Church continues to celebrate the beginning of the liturgical year on 1 September, a date chosen because of its proximity to the Jewish New Year.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Amalfi". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
